Analyze the reproductive advancements from Pteridophytes to Gymnosperms.
a. The development of heterospory is a precursor to the seed habit.
b. In gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium on the parent sporophyte.
c. Gymnosperms do not require water for fertilization, unlike pteridophytes.
d. The male gametes in gymnosperms are delivered by a pollen tube.
e. Both groups have a dominant sporophyte generation.
f. The gametophytes in both groups are independent and free-living.
g. Seeds are formed in both pteridophytes and gymnosperms.
