Evaluate the statements concerning excretory structures across the animal kingdom.
a. In most invertebrates, excretory structures are complex tubular organs called kidneys.
b. Protonephridia, or flame cells, are the excretory structures in Platyhelminthes.
c. Protonephridia are primarily concerned with the removal of nitrogenous wastes.
d. Nephridia are the tubular excretory structures of earthworms and other annelids.
e. Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of most insects, including cockroaches.
f. Antennal glands, or green glands, perform the excretory function in crustaceans like prawns.
g. Malpighian tubules help in osmoregulation but not in the removal of nitrogenous wastes.
